Validación multisitio de sistemas duales de drones para la agricultura de precisión en anacardo tropical
Validación multisitio de sistemas duales de drones para la agricultura de precisión en anacardo tropical
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La agricultura de precisión en cultivos leñosos tropicales enfrenta una brecha crítica: la ausencia de marcos operacionales validados a escala comercial y con reproducibilidad multisitio. Este estudio cierra esa brecha mediante la validación de un sistema dual de drones en 201,27 ha de anacardo en Vichada, Colombia. A lo largo de 254 misiones, el sistema demostró una mejora del 236 % en la eficiencia operacional respecto a la línea base, alcanzando una media de 6,68 ha h-¹ y picos de 11,35 ha h-¹. El protocolo exhibió una alta reproducibilidad (CV <24 % en eficiencia horaria), lo que valida su robustez para operaciones comerciales. El análisis económico confirma que el modelo de Agricultura como Servicio (AaaS) es rentable, con una reducción de costos del 25,6 % y un retorno de la inversión (ROI) del 63,4 %. Este trabajo establece, por tanto, el primer marco operacional reproducible y económicamente viable para la agricultura de precisión a gran escala en este tipo de cultivos, ofreciendo una hoja de ruta validada para la adopción tecnológica.
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